{"id":4707,"date":"2026-07-16T11:57:11","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T09:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/how-to-get-started\/"},"modified":"2026-08-28T10:23:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T08:23:21","slug":"how-to-get-started","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/en\/how-to-get-started\/","title":{"rendered":"How to get started"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4707\" class=\"elementor elementor-4707 elementor-3168\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2804a2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e2804a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6084816 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6084816\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c106053 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c106053\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"text-text-100 mt-2 -mb-1 text-base font-bold\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>From gazing at the night sky to making a significant discovery.<\/strong> Perhaps you simply enjoy astronomy\u2014and perhaps one day your measurements will appear in a scientific publication. We will show you how to do it, whether you want to measure your first variable star, join us, or just come and take a look for now. You can start at any age, even without your own equipment. And you won&#8217;t be alone.   <\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2714\ufe0e No telescope of your own required<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2714\ufe0e We will guide you<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2714\ufe0e Experienced observers will advise you<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2af2c7f elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2af2c7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#zapojit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">I want to try it<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-838f42f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"838f42f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7436fb0 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7436fb0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bc39a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"23bc39a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/tzboo-etv-light-anim.gif\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"tzboo-etv-light-anim\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDcwOCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3NwaGUuYXN0cm8uY3pcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA3XC90emJvby1ldHYtbGlnaHQtYW5pbS5naWYifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/tzboo-etv-light-anim.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4708\" alt=\"\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">One hundred years of monitoring the eclipsing binary TZ Boo in the constellation Bo\u00f6tes. Each point represents one measured minimum\u2014one night at the telescope. The vertical axis shows the deviation of the observed minimum from the prediction (O\u2013C diagram). The scatter of points corresponds to the measurement method\u2014visual vs. CCD. The drop of nearly two hours reveals that other bodies are orbiting the close binary. The latest publication accounts for two companions on eccentric orbits with periods of 38 and 20 years, along with a magnetic cycle of one of the components and gradual mass transfer between them. TZ Boo would thus be a quadruple star system (Zervas et al. 2024, ApJ 961, 97). The red line is a smoothed data trend, not a physical model. Credit: SPHE \u010cAS \/ VarAstro        <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9891919 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9891919\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b11656 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b11656\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Why observe and measure<\/strong><\/h4><p>Today, the sky is mapped night after night by automated surveys, and space telescopes orbit above our heads. <b>So why does anyone still measure variable stars from their backyard?<\/b> Because that is precisely where results are born that large missions cannot provide.<\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal\" dir=\"ltr\">Both large telescopes and space missions have observation time scheduled months in advance, point at specific targets, and usually observe for only a short while. Kepler monitored a single field in the constellation Cygnus, TESS captures one sector for about a month, and Gaia measures the entire sky, but only at infrequent moments for any specific star. Meanwhile, there are over a million known variable stars.  <\/p><ul><li>For the vast majority of them, <strong>no one is systematically monitoring<\/strong> what is happening to them right now. This gap is filled by observers with their own equipment\u2014and our section has been part of this for a hundred years. <\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"[li_&amp;]:mb-0 [li_&amp;]:mt-1 [li_&amp;]:gap-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3 print:block print:space-y-1\" dir=\"ltr\"><li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong>Furthermore, many phenomena only reveal themselves in data covering decades. <\/strong>Such as slow period changes, apsidal motion, or a third body in a binary system.<\/li><\/ul><p>No mission can replace a continuous series of times of minima built by generations of observers. Targets change, priorities shift, and technology continues to improve, but the involvement of observers with smaller instruments has remained beneficial under all circumstances. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1d1839 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c1d1839\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5207bb7 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5207bb7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7aa531 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a7aa531\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/var.astro.cz\/cs\/Observations\/130932?transId=23523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2695\" height=\"2306\" src=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/varastro-detail-sv-krivka-orez.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-4709\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/varastro-detail-sv-krivka-orez.png 2695w, https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/varastro-detail-sv-krivka-orez-300x257.png 300w, https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/varastro-detail-sv-krivka-orez-1024x876.png 1024w, https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/varastro-detail-sv-krivka-orez-768x657.png 768w, https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/varastro-detail-sv-krivka-orez-1536x1314.png 1536w, https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/varastro-detail-sv-krivka-orez-2048x1752.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2695px) 100vw, 2695px\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Observation detail in the VarAstro database, operated by our section. An exoplanet transit of the star TOI-4436, measured on the night of July 28\u201329, 2026, using the section's ROST telescope during a full moon. The star's brightness dropped by approximately one percent for nearly three and a half hours. Every observation remains publicly available in the database under the author's name. Credit: VarAstro \/ SPHE \u010cAS, observation by Martin Tyl\u0161ar.      <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b68427 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8b68427\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a5bc4f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a5bc4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal\" dir=\"ltr\">What you measure can be uploaded to the VarAstro section database. Your data is immediately available to others, with your name attached to the observation, and from there the path continues: <\/p><ul class=\"[li_&amp;]:mb-0 [li_&amp;]:mt-1 [li_&amp;]:gap-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3 print:block print:space-y-1\" dir=\"ltr\"><li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong>To international projects.<\/strong> Our section has operated the Exoplanet Transit Database (ETD) since 2008, and it is used by observers and professionals worldwide. Measurements from it can contribute to the preparation of the European ARIEL mission as part of the ExoClock project. Your night at the telescope can thus help point a real space telescope at the right star at the right moment.  <\/li><li class=\"font-claude-response-body whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><strong>To professional publications.<\/strong> Data from section members appears in professional articles\u2014in the section journal OEJV as well as in international peer-reviewed journals, where amateur observers are often co-authors. And sometimes a single night is enough: the brightening of the star V838 Monocerotis, first recorded by our section member Ladislav \u0160melcer, launched research that continues to change our understanding of stellar mergers\u2014read more in the article <a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/v838-mon-jak-jsme-otocili-hubbla\/\">here<\/a>. <\/li><\/ul><p>But these are all rational reasons. The main one comes when you see your first own light curve\u2014data that no one had before you. For some, it even brings a better feeling than looking at a beautiful starry sky. But that cannot be conveyed; you simply have to measure it yourself.    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fef9971 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fef9971\" data-element_type=\"container\" id=\"zapojit\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41a34d8 e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41a34d8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-777558c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"777558c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to get involved<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d38d3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d38d3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p> <\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">There are several ways to get involved. Choose the one that suits you. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d36444d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d36444d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0508e3f e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0508e3f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8d89ad e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d8d89ad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6cfc30 elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-circle elementor-position-top elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"c6cfc30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon elementor-animation-\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"72\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0.95\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><title>Pozorovat a m\u011b\u0159it<\/title><path d=\"M4 6.5 V20 H20\"><\/path><path d=\"M5.5 12 L9.5 12 L10.8 16.6 L13.2 16.6 L14.5 12 L19 12\"><\/path><path d=\"M12 3 L12.95 5.35 L15.3 6.3 L12.95 7.25 L12 9.6 L11.05 7.25 L8.7 6.3 L11.05 5.35 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI want to observe and measure\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9259c7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9259c7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We will show you what you need for your first measurement, how to process it, and where to upload it. Even if you don&#8217;t have your own equipment. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f4925c elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4f4925c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/en\/observation\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">I'm interested<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25c04cd e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"25c04cd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dce39e elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-circle elementor-position-top elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"8dce39e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon elementor-animation-\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"72\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0.95\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><title>St\u00e1t se \u010dlenem<\/title><path d=\"M7.66 12.88 L10.34 8.62\"><\/path><path d=\"M13.79 8.53 L16.21 11.97\"><\/path><path d=\"M9.09 15.24 L14.91 14.76\"><\/path><path d=\"M6 12.8 L6.78 14.72 L8.7 15.5 L6.78 16.28 L6 18.2 L5.22 16.28 L3.3 15.5 L5.22 14.72 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\"><\/path><path d=\"M12 3.3 L12.78 5.22 L14.7 6 L12.78 6.78 L12 8.7 L11.22 6.78 L9.3 6 L11.22 5.22 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\"><\/path><path d=\"M18 11.8 L18.78 13.72 L20.7 14.5 L18.78 15.28 L18 17.2 L17.22 15.28 L15.3 14.5 L17.22 13.72 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI want to become a member\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1692d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1692d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Membership will connect you with people who have been measuring variable stars for decades and will give you access to the section telescope and our events.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b58e32 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5b58e32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/en\/membership\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">I'm interested<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67f2db8 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"67f2db8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14b1e5e elementor-view-stacked elementor-shape-circle elementor-position-top elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"14b1e5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<span  class=\"elementor-icon elementor-animation-\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"72\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0.95\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><title>P\u0159ij\u00edt se pod\u00edvat<\/title><path d=\"M5 20 V15 A7 7 0 0 1 10.4 8.185 L10.4 13.8 L13.6 13.8 L13.6 8.185 A7 7 0 0 1 19 15 V20\"><\/path><path d=\"M3.2 20 H20.8\"><\/path><path d=\"M12 2.2 L12.634 3.766 L14.2 4.4 L12.634 5.034 L12 6.6 L11.366 5.034 L9.8 4.4 L11.366 3.766 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span  >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tI want to come and take a look\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b1daa4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b1daa4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The easiest first step is to meet us in person\u2014at a conference, a workshop, or at VarCaf\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58e9800 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"58e9800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/en\/events\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">I'm interested<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3775064 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3775064\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c09c57a e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c09c57a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dde2753 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dde2753\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Where to get more information<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c601085 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c601085\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p> <\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Whatever you are looking for, you aren&#8217;t starting from scratch with us. Below you will find a guide to the most useful resources, followed by a library of lectures, articles, and downloadable materials that we continuously update. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b1db61 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9b1db61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac91c52 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ac91c52\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e219c7 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1e219c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b341bdb elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b341bdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Before you start measuring<\/strong><\/h4><p>We have the basics written down right here: what types of variable stars exist, what an exoplanet transit looks like, and what photometry entails.<\/p><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/astronomie-promennych-hvezd\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Variable star astronomy<\/span> <\/a><\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/exoplanety\/\">Exoplanets<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/pozorovani\/\">Observation <\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd20f05 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cd20f05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d61c4e4 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d61c4e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Where to look and where to send data<\/strong><\/h4><p>We often look for targets right here. Measurements don&#8217;t end on your hard drive. VarAstro is our section&#8217;s database, VSX is the American international catalog of variable stars, and SIMBAD is the European stellar catalog.  <\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/var.astro.cz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>VarAstro<\/b><\/a><\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/vsx.aavso.org\/index.php?view=search.top\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><b>VSX (Variable Star Index)<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/simbad.cds.unistra.fr\/simbad\/sim-fbasic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SIMBAD<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4b3e82 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d4b3e82\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d85e48d elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d85e48d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4><strong>Learn from others<\/strong><\/h4><p>The fastest way to learn is from someone who is already doing it. Lectures, conferences, and VarCaf\u00e9\u2014most recordings are free to watch on our YouTube channel. <\/p><p> <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2014eac elementor-shape-circle e-grid-align-mobile-center elementor-grid-1 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"2014eac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-animation-pop elementor-repeater-item-e94a08a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@sekcepromennychhvezdaexopl9588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Youtube<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-youtube\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13dae7d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"13dae7d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6607d0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6607d0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Library<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3581d7c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3581d7c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17443c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"17443c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2430\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2430\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Lectures and videos <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2430\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df74938 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df74938\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2430\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90d4bdb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"90d4bdb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01bf103 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01bf103\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/drive\/folders\/1tbtpc8G9C-mjc2CkqIX1T6Mqz3JYzKqX?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lectures and presentations from conferences and seminars (Section shared drive)<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@sekcepromennychhvezdaexopl9588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section YouTube channel<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/promenne.hvezdy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Section Facebook profile<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2431\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2431\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Literature and articles <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2431\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e164f5f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e164f5f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2431\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2accce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2accce\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09f792c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"09f792c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/dslr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\ud83d\udcc4 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Observing Variable Stars with a Digital SLR<\/span><\/a> (Ma\u0161ek, 2014)<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/vizual-trenazer.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\ud83d\udcc4 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Visual Observation of Variable Stars &#8211; for beginners, includes a simulator<\/span><\/a> (Br\u00e1t, \u0160af\u00e1\u0159, 2011)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2432\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2432\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Downloads <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2432\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc0bc68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bc0bc68\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2432\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d74976c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d74976c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ffdf35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9ffdf35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\ud83d\udcc4 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2024-zprava-o-cinnosti-sekce.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2024 &#8211; Section Activity Report<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77b9ab5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"77b9ab5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d281e5 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9d281e5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e90f39 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0e90f39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/20241101-162339-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"20241101_162339\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjM5NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3NwaGUuYXN0cm8uY3pcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzAzXC8yMDI0MTEwMS0xNjIzMzktc2NhbGVkLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/20241101-162339-scaled.jpg\" title=\"20241101_162339\" alt=\"20241101_162339\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Section workshop, \u017dd\u00e1nice 2025. Most beginners learn their first data processing right here\u2014with someone on hand to help. Credit: SPHE \u010cAS  <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae78d77 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ae78d77\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c453cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0c453cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mentoring \u2014 you won't be in this alone<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2271428 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2271428\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal\" dir=\"ltr\">The beginning is often hardest when you&#8217;re stuck on something seemingly trivial and have no one to ask. That&#8217;s why we are considering offering a mentor to everyone who joins us\u2014an experienced section member who will help select the first target, go through data processing with you, and advise when measurements aren&#8217;t going well. <\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal\" dir=\"ltr\">Mentors would typically be the coordinators of individual observation fields and other experienced observers. If your question falls outside their expertise, they would direct you to a colleague who focuses on that topic in depth. <\/p><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>Would this make sense to you? <a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/en\/contacts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Write to us<\/a>. Interest from your side is the best way to support the creation of mentoring. <\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e100f1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5e100f1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04c79c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"04c79c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47b8c5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"47b8c5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u2726 Before you start<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6401b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"f6401b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2580\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2580\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Do I need my own telescope and other equipment? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2580\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2199c85 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2199c85\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2580\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a8386d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5a8386d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59b8445 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59b8445\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No. If you get hooked on observing, you will naturally acquire your own equipment over time. But you can start even without it! The section can help with equipment, and members can observe remotely using the section&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/sekcni-dalekohled-rost\/\">ROST<\/a> telescope. A standard computer or laptop is enough for data processing; all necessary software is free.    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2581\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2581\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Do I have to be a section member to measure and submit data? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2581\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d281603 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d281603\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2581\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da4c867 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"da4c867\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72b6c3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72b6c3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>You don&#8217;t have to. The <a href=\"https:\/\/var.astro.cz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VarAstro<\/a> database is open, and observers from anywhere can upload to it. However, membership opens up everything else\u2014access to the ROST section telescope, the assignment of a mentor if interested, consultations with coordinators of individual observation fields, conferences, workshops, and other benefits. You can find more about membership <a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/clenstvi\/\">here<\/a>.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2582\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2582\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> I have never measured before and don't know photometry. Is that a problem?  <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2582\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcbdcfe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dcbdcfe\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2582\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9715f3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e9715f3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-217db03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"217db03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It is not. Variable star photometry is one of the few fields where an amateur can obtain usable scientific data without a formal education. The procedure is quite simple and can be learned over a few evenings. It consists of four basic steps: image calibration, selection of comparison stars, measurement, and constructing a light curve. You can find a detailed description on the <a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/pozorovani\/\">Observation<\/a> page, and practical help from the coordinator of your chosen observation field.    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2583\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2583\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> How much time does it take? Can I observe only occasionally?  <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2583\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1a9264 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b1a9264\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2583\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c67792f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c67792f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f19bc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f19bc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yes, occasional observation makes sense. One successful night means one usable measurement, and these add up in the database. One measurement takes from two hours to almost an entire night at the telescope, depending on the target, plus another few dozen minutes of processing. Long-term series naturally have greater scientific value, but they are not a requirement for getting involved.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Do I need my own telescope and other equipment?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No. If you get hooked on observing, you will naturally acquire your own equipment over time. But you can start even without it! The section can help with equipment, and members can observe remotely using the section&#8217;s ROST telescope. A standard computer or laptop is enough for data processing; all necessary software is free.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Do I have to be a section member to measure and submit data?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"You don&#8217;t have to. The VarAstro database is open, and observers from anywhere can upload to it. However, membership opens up everything else\\u2014access to the ROST section telescope, the assignment of a mentor if interested, consultations with coordinators of individual observation fields, conferences, workshops, and other benefits. You can find more about membership here.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"I have never measured before and don't know photometry. Is that a problem?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"It is not. Variable star photometry is one of the few fields where an amateur can obtain usable scientific data without a formal education. The procedure is quite simple and can be learned over a few evenings. It consists of four basic steps: image calibration, selection of comparison stars, measurement, and constructing a light curve. You can find a detailed description on the Observation page, and practical help from the coordinator of your chosen observation field.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How much time does it take? Can I observe only occasionally?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes, occasional observation makes sense. One successful night means one usable measurement, and these add up in the database. One measurement takes from two hours to almost an entire night at the telescope, depending on the target, plus another few dozen minutes of processing. Long-term series naturally have greater scientific value, but they are not a requirement for getting involved.\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-363574b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"363574b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u2726 Equipment<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70cc2a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"70cc2a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1180\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1180\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What is the smallest telescope that makes sense? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1180\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79a596d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"79a596d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1180\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9dad1e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d9dad1e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a332ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a332ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It depends on what you want to measure. For brighter variable stars, a telescope with a diameter of about 8 to 15 cm is sufficient; for the brightest targets, even a high-quality telephoto lens will do. For exoplanet transits, a diameter around 20 cm is a reasonable choice. Measurements from our section published in the ETD were made with such a telescope. However, diameter isn&#8217;t everything; the mount, camera, and other components are also important.    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1181\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1181\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Do I need guiding and a precise mount? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1181\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5558992 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5558992\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1181\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4b1818 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f4b1818\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6e46f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f6e46f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The mount is more important for photometry than the optics. Exposures last tens of seconds to minutes, and the entire measurement runs for several hours, so the star must remain in the field and ideally in the same spot on the chip. With shorter exposures and a well-aligned mount, you can manage without guiding (automatic correction of the mount&#8217;s tracking using a guide star so the target doesn&#8217;t drift), but we recommend it for longer series.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1182\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1182\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Is a DSLR sufficient, or do I need an astronomical camera? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1182\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b33fb5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4b33fb5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1182\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c60a21 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1c60a21\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0127cbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0127cbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>You can start with a DSLR, and it gives usable results for bright stars\u2014the green channel of the Bayer mask roughly approximates the V photometric filter in its transmission. However, it hits its limits: an uncooled chip is noisy and its sensitivity changes with temperature during the night; furthermore, color mask interpolation introduces systematic errors into measurements. For precise photometry, especially for exoplanet transits where we deal with drops on the order of thousandths of a magnitude, a cooled monochromatic camera is practically essential. Paradoxically, whatever you use to measure, it pays to slightly defocus the image. The starlight spreads over more pixels, which evens out differences in their sensitivity, making the measurement more precise than with a perfectly focused image.    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1183\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1183\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Do I need photometric filters? Can I measure without a filter?  <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1183\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc48c7a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dc48c7a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1183\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e51ff97 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e51ff97\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1263f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1263f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>You can measure without a filter, and such data is welcome in the database. For exoplanet transits, measurements are often intentionally made without a filter to obtain more signal. However, the measurement is then not tied to a standard photometric system: color indices cannot be determined from it, and there is a risk of systematic error if the target differs in color from the comparison stars. The standard is the Johnson-Cousins filter system, most commonly V and R. Alongside it, filters of the Sloan photometric system, designated u&#8217;, g&#8217;, r&#8217;, i&#8217;, and z&#8217;, are gaining ground. These have more sharply defined transmissions and are used by most modern surveys, making it easier to compare measurements with catalog data.    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1184\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1184\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Can I measure from a city or a balcony? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1184\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a856757 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a856757\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1184\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95962a5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"95962a5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0bc8f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0bc8f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yes, and it&#8217;s more common than you might expect. Photometry is differential\u2014the brightness of the target is compared with comparison stars in the same image, so the sky brightness is largely subtracted. Light pollution increases noise and reduces the limiting magnitude, but the city sky is sufficient for brighter targets. On a balcony, the heat currents rising from the building and a limited view of the sky are often greater enemies than the light itself.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the smallest telescope that makes sense?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"It depends on what you want to measure. For brighter variable stars, a telescope with a diameter of about 8 to 15 cm is sufficient; for the brightest targets, even a high-quality telephoto lens will do. For exoplanet transits, a diameter around 20 cm is a reasonable choice. Measurements from our section published in the ETD were made with such a telescope. However, diameter isn&#8217;t everything; the mount, camera, and other components are also important.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Do I need guiding and a precise mount?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The mount is more important for photometry than the optics. Exposures last tens of seconds to minutes, and the entire measurement runs for several hours, so the star must remain in the field and ideally in the same spot on the chip. With shorter exposures and a well-aligned mount, you can manage without guiding (automatic correction of the mount&#8217;s tracking using a guide star so the target doesn&#8217;t drift), but we recommend it for longer series.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is a DSLR sufficient, or do I need an astronomical camera?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"You can start with a DSLR, and it gives usable results for bright stars\\u2014the green channel of the Bayer mask roughly approximates the V photometric filter in its transmission. However, it hits its limits: an uncooled chip is noisy and its sensitivity changes with temperature during the night; furthermore, color mask interpolation introduces systematic errors into measurements. For precise photometry, especially for exoplanet transits where we deal with drops on the order of thousandths of a magnitude, a cooled monochromatic camera is practically essential. Paradoxically, whatever you use to measure, it pays to slightly defocus the image. The starlight spreads over more pixels, which evens out differences in their sensitivity, making the measurement more precise than with a perfectly focused image.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Do I need photometric filters? Can I measure without a filter?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"You can measure without a filter, and such data is welcome in the database. For exoplanet transits, measurements are often intentionally made without a filter to obtain more signal. However, the measurement is then not tied to a standard photometric system: color indices cannot be determined from it, and there is a risk of systematic error if the target differs in color from the comparison stars. The standard is the Johnson-Cousins filter system, most commonly V and R. Alongside it, filters of the Sloan photometric system, designated u&#8217;, g&#8217;, r&#8217;, i&#8217;, and z&#8217;, are gaining ground. These have more sharply defined transmissions and are used by most modern surveys, making it easier to compare measurements with catalog data.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can I measure from a city or a balcony?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes, and it&#8217;s more common than you might expect. Photometry is differential\\u2014the brightness of the target is compared with comparison stars in the same image, so the sky brightness is largely subtracted. Light pollution increases noise and reduces the limiting magnitude, but the city sky is sufficient for brighter targets. On a balcony, the heat currents rising from the building and a limited view of the sky are often greater enemies than the light itself.\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1209ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1209ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u2726 Processing and data<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b094636 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"b094636\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1850\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1850\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What program is used to process measurements? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1850\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbc3d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fdbc3d2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1850\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-849f5ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"849f5ce\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f143aa7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f143aa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We unequivocally recommend <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gxccd.com\/cat?id=146&#038;lang=405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SIPS<\/a> as the primary tool. It is free, independent of camera brand, and covers the entire chain from image calibration to the finished light curve (and more\u2014it can control the entire observation, but that&#8217;s for another time). A proven alternative is Muniwin (C-Munipack). Both programs are used by section members, so we can advise you on both. You can find a more detailed description of how to work with them on the <a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/pozorovani\/\">Observation<\/a> page.    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1851\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1851\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> How is a light curve created from the images? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1851\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fae6df8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fae6df8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1851\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f13cc8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4f13cc8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18e613c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18e613c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In four steps. First, calibration: a dark frame is subtracted from the images and they are divided by a flat field, which removes detector defects and uneven illumination. This is followed by star identification in the field and the selection of comparison stars, which should ideally be of similar brightness and color to the target. Then comes aperture photometry\u2014summing the light in a circle around each star. The difference in brightness between the target and comparison stars over time creates a differential light curve, from which the time of minimum or the depth and duration of a transit is derived. It sounds complicated, but in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gxccd.com\/cat?id=146&#038;lang=405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SIPS<\/a>, you have it done in a few minutes.     <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1852\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1852\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Where are observations sent? What are VarAstro and ETD?  <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1852\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09245d9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"09245d9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1852\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d10408e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d10408e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f79ac7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0f79ac7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/var.astro.cz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VarAstro<\/a> is the observation database operated by our section. It includes the ETD (Exoplanet Transit Database), which the section has operated since 2008 and which is unique worldwide in its focus\u2014it collects exoplanet transit measurements from observers all over the world. After registration, you upload your measured data or finished curve and add details about the telescope, camera, filter, and observation site. Your measurement thus becomes publicly available and citable. <a href=\"https:\/\/var.astro.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VarAstro<\/a> also offers the possibility of planning and searching for suitable observation targets. In case of any confusion, the <a href=\"https:\/\/var.astro.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VarAstro<\/a> portal has its own <a href=\"https:\/\/var.astro.cz\/var-astro\/doc\/VarAstro_faq_cz_01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FAQ section<\/a>.    <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1853\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1853\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> How precise must a measurement be to be useful for science? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1853\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac49f4f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ac49f4f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1853\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58ae796 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"58ae796\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f2a26f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f2a26f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote class=\"ml-2 border-l-4 border-[hsl(var(--border-300)\/0.1)] pl-4 text-text-300\"><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal\" dir=\"ltr\">There is no single universal threshold. What matters is the ratio between the scatter of your measurement and the depth of the phenomenon you are monitoring. The drop in brightness must be clearly visible in the light curve above the noise level. For eclipsing binaries, the drops are usually significant, so even measurements with a smaller telescope are useful. In contrast, an exoplanet transit is only a tiny fraction of the star&#8217;s brightness, and the precision requirements are therefore substantially higher. You don&#8217;t have to judge the quality of the measurement yourself\u2014VarAstro will evaluate it automatically during processing.     <\/p><\/blockquote><p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal\" dir=\"ltr\"> <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1854\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1854\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Who will use my data, and can I get into a publication? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1854\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8533b0d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8533b0d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1854\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc64a1b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cc64a1b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d13b9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9d13b9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Data from VarAstro and ETD is used by professional and amateur astronomers worldwide\u2014to refine ephemerides, search for other bodies in systems using O-C diagrams, and prepare observation plans for major missions. Through a partnership with the ExoClock project, transit measurements can contribute to the preparation of the European ARIEL mission. The path to publication is open: the section publishes the peer-reviewed journal <a href=\"https:\/\/oejv.physics.muni.cz\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OEJV<\/a>, and its members can publish there. If you have interesting data, we will help you with the publication.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What program is used to process measurements?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"We unequivocally recommend SIPS as the primary tool. It is free, independent of camera brand, and covers the entire chain from image calibration to the finished light curve (and more\\u2014it can control the entire observation, but that&#8217;s for another time). A proven alternative is Muniwin (C-Munipack). Both programs are used by section members, so we can advise you on both. You can find a more detailed description of how to work with them on the Observation page.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How is a light curve created from the images?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"In four steps. First, calibration: a dark frame is subtracted from the images and they are divided by a flat field, which removes detector defects and uneven illumination. This is followed by star identification in the field and the selection of comparison stars, which should ideally be of similar brightness and color to the target. Then comes aperture photometry\\u2014summing the light in a circle around each star. The difference in brightness between the target and comparison stars over time creates a differential light curve, from which the time of minimum or the depth and duration of a transit is derived. It sounds complicated, but in SIPS, you have it done in a few minutes.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Where are observations sent? What are VarAstro and ETD?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"VarAstro is the observation database operated by our section. It includes the ETD (Exoplanet Transit Database), which the section has operated since 2008 and which is unique worldwide in its focus\\u2014it collects exoplanet transit measurements from observers all over the world. After registration, you upload your measured data or finished curve and add details about the telescope, camera, filter, and observation site. Your measurement thus becomes publicly available and citable. VarAstro also offers the possibility of planning and searching for suitable observation targets. In case of any confusion, the VarAstro portal has its own FAQ section.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How precise must a measurement be to be useful for science?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"There is no single universal threshold. What matters is the ratio between the scatter of your measurement and the depth of the phenomenon you are monitoring. The drop in brightness must be clearly visible in the light curve above the noise level. For eclipsing binaries, the drops are usually significant, so even measurements with a smaller telescope are useful. In contrast, an exoplanet transit is only a tiny fraction of the star&#8217;s brightness, and the precision requirements are therefore substantially higher. You don&#8217;t have to judge the quality of the measurement yourself\\u2014VarAstro will evaluate it automatically during processing.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who will use my data, and can I get into a publication?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Data from VarAstro and ETD is used by professional and amateur astronomers worldwide\\u2014to refine ephemerides, search for other bodies in systems using O-C diagrams, and prepare observation plans for major missions. Through a partnership with the ExoClock project, transit measurements can contribute to the preparation of the European ARIEL mission. The path to publication is open: the section publishes the peer-reviewed journal OEJV, and its members can publish there. If you have interesting data, we will help you with the publication.\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4173946 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4173946\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u2726 Our Section and ROST<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e6ed81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"5e6ed81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9900\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9900\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> I don't have my own equipment\u2014can I observe with the ROST section telescope? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9900\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d37dec7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d37dec7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9900\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-632884a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"632884a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ca0530 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ca0530\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yes, that is exactly why we have a section telescope. Section members reserve observation time on it via this website; observation takes place remotely, and you download the measured data for processing. An observation log is kept for each observation, where you can also record feedback. You will find everything you need in the <a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/sekcni-dalekohled-rost\/\">ROST Section Telescope<\/a> section.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9901\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9901\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What should I observe, and who will advise me on the selection? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9901\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac8d880 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ac8d880\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9901\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df8f551 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df8f551\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2febbf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2febbf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The section has long focused on four observation fields: eclipsing variable stars, multiple systems, physical variable stars, and exoplanets. Each field has its own coordinator who will help you choose a target corresponding to your equipment, sky, and the time you can devote to observation. If you have an assigned mentor, they can help with this. The most rewarding first target is usually a bright eclipsing binary with a short period\u2014you can catch the minimum in a single evening and see the result immediately.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-9902\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-9902\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><h3 class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Where do we meet, and are the events suitable for beginners? <\/h3><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9902\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c741a75 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c741a75\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-9902\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d93b6f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7d93b6f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cd7b0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cd7b0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The section organizes an annual conference on variable stars, plenary meetings, informal VarCaf\u00e9 gatherings, and workshops aimed directly at beginning observers. Workshops are the best way to try out data processing with someone on hand. You can find a current overview in the <a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/udalosti\/\">Events<\/a> section, and you can also contact <a href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/en\/contacts\/\">us<\/a> directly with questions.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"I don't have my own equipment\\u2014can I observe with the ROST section telescope?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes, that is exactly why we have a section telescope. Section members reserve observation time on it via this website; observation takes place remotely, and you download the measured data for processing. An observation log is kept for each observation, where you can also record feedback. You will find everything you need in the ROST Section Telescope section.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What should I observe, and who will advise me on the selection?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The section has long focused on four observation fields: eclipsing variable stars, multiple systems, physical variable stars, and exoplanets. Each field has its own coordinator who will help you choose a target corresponding to your equipment, sky, and the time you can devote to observation. If you have an assigned mentor, they can help with this. The most rewarding first target is usually a bright eclipsing binary with a short period\\u2014you can catch the minimum in a single evening and see the result immediately.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Where do we meet, and are the events suitable for beginners?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The section organizes an annual conference on variable stars, plenary meetings, informal VarCaf\\u00e9 gatherings, and workshops aimed directly at beginning observers. Workshops are the best way to try out data processing with someone on hand. You can find a current overview in the Events section, and you can also contact us directly with questions.\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-399e9df e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"399e9df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d9da22 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d9da22\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb67ce3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb67ce3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How far can you take it?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20db8c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20db8c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">It starts with one nightly series of images. Then comes the first time of minimum in the database, the first co-authorship of a publication, the first own article, the discovery of a new variable star. And occasionally even a star that is still being written about twenty years later\u2014like V838 Monocerotis, which was also monitored by observers from our section.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e052ec6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e052ec6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/sphe.astro.cz\/en\/v838-mon-how-we-turned-hubble\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Read how we \"turned\" Hubble toward V838 Mon. \u2192<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e55b54 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3e55b54\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From gazing at the night sky to making a significant discovery. Perhaps you simply enjoy astronomy\u2014and perhaps one day your measurements will appear in a scientific publication. We will show you how to do it, whether you want to measure your first variable star, join us, or just come and take a look for now. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4707","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"rankMath":{"parentDomain":"sphe.astro.cz","noFollowDomains":[],"noFollowExcludeDomains":[],"noFollowExternalLinks":false,"featuredImageNotice":"The featured image should be at least 200 by 200 pixels to be picked up by Facebook and other social media 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